Russia issued proposed security pacts on Friday, requesting that Ukraine and other ex-Soviet countries be prohibited from joining NATO and that troop and weapon restrictions be imposed in Europe.
The documents, which were sent to the US and its allies earlier this week, also demand a restriction on moving US and Russian warships and aircraft to locations where they can hit each other’s land, as well as a reduction in alliance troop deployment near Russian borders.
The harsh demands are almost guaranteed to be rebuffed by the US and its partners, who have stressed that Russia has no say in NATO expansion.
Any security negotiations with Moscow, according to the alliance’s secretary-general, must take NATO’s concerns into consideration and include Ukraine and other partners.
The draft pacts were released amid rising tensions over a Russian force buildup near Ukraine, which has sparked concerns of an invasion from Ukraine and the West. Moscow has denied any preparations to attack its neighbor, but has asked that the West give a set of legal guarantees prohibiting NATO’s expansion into Ukraine and other Russian neighbors, as well as the deployment of the alliance’s weapons there, which NATO has rejected.
Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov said Russia’s relations with the US and its NATO allies have approached a “dangerous point”, noting that alliance deployments and drills near Russia have raised “unacceptable” threats to its security.
The draft pacts — a Russia-US security treaty and a security agreement between Moscow and NATO — contain obligations to pull back weapons and refrain from drills near the borders between Russia and the alliance members.
Ryabkov told reporters that Moscow proposed that the US immediately start the talks on the proposed drafts in Geneva.
The drafts would oblige Washington and its allies take an obligation to halt NATO’s eastward expansion to include other ex-Soviet republics and rescind a 2008 promise of membership to Ukraine and Georgia.
They would also preclude the US and its allies from setting up military bases on the territories of Ukraine, Georgia and other ex-Soviet nations which are not members of NATO.
A draft treaty with the US contains a ban on the deployment of US and Russian warships and aircraft to “areas where they can strike targets on the territory of the other party”.
Moscow has long complained about patrol flights by US strategic bombers near Russian borders and the deployment of US and NATO warships to the Black Sea, describing them as destabilizing and provocative.
Russia’s draft also envisages a pledge not to station intermediate-range missiles in areas where they can strike the other party’s territory, a clause that follows the US and Russian withdrawal from a Cold War-era pact banning such weapons.
President Vladimir Putin raised the demand for security guarantees in last week’s video call with US President Joe Biden. During the conversation, Biden voiced concern about a buildup of Russian troops near Ukraine and warned him that Russia would face “severe consequences” if Moscow attacked its neighbour.
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NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg said on Friday that the alliance had received the Russian draft documents, and noted that any dialogue with Moscow “would also need to address NATO’s concerns about Russia’s actions, be based on core principles and documents of European security, and take place in consultation with NATO’s European partners, such as Ukraine”.
He added that the 30 NATO countries “have made clear that should Russia take concrete steps to reduce tensions, we are prepared to work on strengthening confidence-building measures”.
US intelligence officials say Russia has moved 70,000 soldiers to its border with Ukraine and is preparing for a possible invasion early next year. Moscow has denied any intention to attack and accused Ukrainian authorities of planning an offensive to reclaim control of rebel-held eastern Ukraine — an allegation Ukraine has rejected.
Fighting between Ukrainian forces and Russia-backed separatists in eastern Ukraine began after Russia’s 2014 annexation of Ukraine’s Crimean Peninsula. It has killed more than 14,000 people and devastated Ukraine’s industrial heartland called Donbas.
