The 51-year-old German, who has signed an 18-month contract, becomes the third non-British permanent manager of the men’s team after Sven-Goran Eriksson and Fabio Capello.
Gareth Southgate resigned in July after England’s defeat by Spain in the Euro 2024 final.
Lee Carsley, who was overseen four games since being appointed interim manager in August, will remain in charge for the Nations League matches against Greece and the Republic of Ireland next month.
Former Chelsea boss Tuchel, who left Bayern Munich at the end of last season, said: “I am very proud to have been given the honour of leading the England team.
“I have long felt a personal connection to the game in this country, and it has given me some incredible moments already.
“To have the chance to represent England is a huge privilege, and the opportunity to work with this special and talented group of players is very exciting.”
Chief executive Mark Bullingham said the Football Association had appointed “one of the best coaches in the world”.
The FA said Tuchel was the “preferred candidate” from “several” managers interviewed.
It said the FA board approved the decision last week and Tuchel signed a contract on 8 October.
Under Carsley, England lost to Greece on 10 October and beat Finland on 13 October.
“The announcement was delayed to minimise distraction around the international camp that has just concluded,” an FA statement read.
English coach Anthony Barry, who worked with Tuchel at Chelsea and Bayern, will be his assistant.
Tuchel won the German Cup with Borussia Dortmund and two Ligue 1 titles at Paris St-Germain, including a domestic treble in 2019-20.
He became Chelsea manager in January 2021, winning the Champions League, Club World Cup and Uefa Super Cup before being sacked in September 2022.
After Bayern failed to win the Bundesliga title last season for the first time since 2011-12, Tuchel left despite still having a year to run on his contract.
